Prelabor: The settling of the fetal head into the pelvic inlet is called "lightening." Lightening may occur anytime from a few hours to several weeks before birth, depending on the number of times a woman has delivered.

Early labor: In this stage of labor, the uterus undergoes irregular contractions, which can range from mild to strong. The amniotic sac (bag of fluid surrounding the fetus) may rupture at some point during these contractions.

Transitional phase: As labor continues, the cervix dilates (becomes wider), allowing the baby to enter the birth canal.

Descent phase: In normal birth, the head presents (emerges) first. An episiotomy (surgical incision) may be needed to enlarge the vaginal opening.

Delivery: Once the head is delivered, the baby is rotated to complete the delivery.

The umbilical cord is cut, detaching the baby from the placenta (afterbirth).

Strong contractions in the uterus help push out the placenta. The doctor or nurse may massage your abdomen to assist in releasing the placenta.

The placenta is expelled with the umbilical cord attached. It is then examined by the doctor or nurse to be sure all of it has been expelled.